Glossary

100 Hz

The new100 HZ technology doubles the amount of pictures per second - from there the image quality becomes calmer.

1080i

HDTV picture signal with 1920 x 1080 pixels and „interlaced “ representation.

1080p / Full-HD

1080p (progressive) is at present the highest HDTV resolution (frame procedure).

16:9

Orientated on the cinema format aspect ratio of widescreen displays.

4:3

Frequently used width-to-height ratio for computer and TV screens. This ratio is increasingly being replaced by the 16:9 widescreen ratio, which is mainly used in the new HDTV formats. With 16:9 screens, films produced in widescreen format are shown without disruptive black bars (“letterbox bars”) at the top and bottom of the screen.

5.1.

Name of the usual speaker configuration ambient sound: five boxes (left, center, right, Surround left, Surround right) plus a Subwoofer.

50/60Hz

The unit „Hertz “(Hz) indicates the picture frequency. In Europe we usually have 50 frames per second, in the USA and in Japan 60.

576p

Many displays can also represent PAL signals with 768 x to 576 pixels „progressive “. The mode 576p does not rank however among the requirements of the HD-ready specification.

6.1.

Ambient sound variant, which works with an additional surround box, arranged in the back in the center.

7.1.

Ambient sound variant, which works with two additional surround boxes.

720p

HDTV picture signal with 1280 x of 720 pixels and progressive representation.

AACS

The copy protection procedure „Advanced ACCESS content system “shall be used for blu ray and HDDVD disks. HDTV expenditure shall only be possible via HDMI and HDCP.

ANAMOPRH

Horizontal tossed storage of broad pictures, approximately on a DVD.

ANSI

The American National Standards Institute “defines technical standards, similarly as the German Institut for standardization (DIN). „ANSILumen “stands for the luminous intensity of beamers. Good values are not below 600 ANSI lumens.

Applicable floor surface area m²

The target floor surface area for which an emitted airborne ion density of about 25000 ions/cm3 can be measured at a point near the center of the room (at a height of about 1,2 m from the floor), during operation at the High mode when the main unit is placed near a wall.

AQUOS LINK

AQUOS Link System of the new AQUOS series for the simpler controlling of external Sharp devices over the AQUOS universal remote control.

Artefacts

Image interferences such as pixel logs or outlines, which can emerge with compression procedures such as MPEG-2 after decoding.

ASV-Black-TFT-LCD-Panel

(Advanced super View panel) With ASV panels, large points of view from all directions are possible. Colours and contrast remain particularly stable

automatic Volumecontrol

Reduces the volume during advert breaks to the level of the program seen before.

BLU-RAY/HD-DVD

With these two formats two successors of the DVD push themselves on the market in the end of 2006. Since they can store a ten times higher amount of data at the same size of a DVD, they are particularly interesting for HDTV movies. Unfortunately the manuf

Blue Angel

The Blue Angel is a test certificate awarded since 1978 for products and services that are judged to be particularly environment-friendly. In 2009 alone, 15 models from the Sharp range of multifunction systems (MFPs) received this oldest environmental seal of approval in the world.

BNC

BN plug and - sockets originate from the professional range and are particularly stable.

CAMCORDER

Made-up word out of (video) camera and recorder. Most current camcorders record mini-DV cassettes based on the PAL standard, some of them with MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 compression on DVD, HDD or memory card.

CANDELA

Unit for the luminosity of a display or a projector. Since the value applies to a face candela numbers are difficult to compare. A more useful unit is „lumen “.

Central Power Switch

The central power switch fully disconnects the LCD TV from the mains supply after use, thereby contributing significantly to energy saving.

CI

CI, or “Common Interface” describes an interface for DVB receiving devices (e.g. radio, television, teletext etc.), enabling them to decrypt scrambled DVB data.

CI+

CI+ is a technology that enables broadcasters to transmit special additional content in the TV signal. In a similar way to HD+ technology, CI+ enables television broadcasters to limit the use of hard disks and DVD recorders.

CINCH

Common type of jacks for analogue audio or FBAS video signals.

Color wheel

A rotating colour-filter wheel effects the pictures of a DLP projector coloured.

Comb Filter

It makes sure that the accurate disconnection of colour - and black- and - white signals, as long as mixed (eg. With the FBAS-signal via chinch jack) have been transferred.

Component Signal

Please quod vide for "YUV-jacks".

CONDITIONAL ACCESS

A CA-module can upgrade decoding procedures for pay TV in set top boxes.

Contrast Value

This value is quoted for displays and projectors and names the ratio of the most dark (black) to the most bright (white) image components. Modern displays achieve values of 3000:1 or higher. Dynamic contrast stands for the comprehension of the brightness

Convergenz

During perfect convergence all three fundamental colours red, green and blue are displayed exactly congruent. This setting is only necessary when using TV sets, projectors and rear projectors based on tubes.

Copy Protection

At the urging of the movie industry players and set top boxes may only play back encoded a lot of high definition movies and television broadcasts with the copy protection HDCP. Such signals can only transmit one HDMI jack or one DVIB jack with HDCP suppo

CVBS

Composite video signal is the easiest variant of video signals. All parts of the signal will be transported via one cable only. Therefore the picture quality is comparatively low.

D-ILA

„Direct drive image Light Amplifier “. Functional principle of professional projectors, which is also used in a digital cinema. The procedure resembles DLP, however uses LCD elements instead of mirrors. D-LIA is still too expensive for home cinemas.

DE-INTERLACED

Literally: released from the line interlacing. Another term for progressive.

Digital Receiving

Digital TV is broadcasted via the transmission technology DVB (digital video Broadcast). Depending on the transmission path there are different versions: DVB-S for a satellite transmission (the newer DVB-S2 is additionally appropriate for HDTV), DVB-C for

DLP

„Digitally Light processing “, a projector technology. A DLP chip reflects the light for each pixel via mobile micro mirrors, a rotary filter wheel produces the colours.

DMB

„Digitally Multimedia Broadcast “. Besides DVB-H an alternative transmission standard for digital TV on the mobile phone. It is based on the digital radio DAB (digital audio broadcast).

DOLBY DIGITAL

This procedure transfers multi-channel (means ambient sound) sound signals very space saving, owing to data compression. Up to seven channels plus an additional low bass channel (7.1) are transportable via Dolby Digital, for example on DVD or via digital

DOLBY PRO LOGIC

Ambient sound is not only possible in digital tone (see dolby digital). Even analogue stereo audio tracks can broadcasted. To arrange the ambient sound of analogue TV broadcastings or out of a video to five or more speakers the amplifier needs a ProLogic

DVB-C

Digital video broadcast - cable means digital receive via broadband cable.

DVB-H

Digital video broadcast - handhelds stands for a special digital tv variation for mobiles and portable devices.

DVB-S

Digital video broadcast - satellite stands for digital receive via satelite.

DVB-S3

An advanced variant for HDTV of DVB-S which supports MPEG4/H.264.

DVB-T

Digital video broadcast - terrestrial - Digital receive via antenna.

DVD-/HDD-RECORDER

Classic VHS - recorder will soon be disused. For their replacement there appear devices which record on recordable DVDs or harddisks digitally. Advantage: Borring spooling is not applicable anymore. Multi - function devices which can record on the harddis

DVI

Digital visual interface is an interface for digital video signals.

DVI-D, DVI-I

Some TV sets have the digital interface "digital visual interface". If the device supports the copying process HDCP, the DVI connector can be used as replacement for HDMI. The variant DVI-D (digital) now accepts digital video signals, DVH (integrated) and

Eco Control Button

This special button on the AQUOS remote control enables users to activate the ecological features of AQUOS LCD TVs directly, thereby actively saving energy.

Eco Flower

Sharp LCD TVs stand out with the EU-flower for high energy efficiency and recycable design.

Eco Mode

This special TV mode enables users to reduce the power of the TV backlight by 15% to 20% in two discrete stages. As an extra convenience that is so far unique to AQUOS LCD TVs, this energy-saving function can also be activated directly using the Eco-Control Button on the AQUOS remote control.

Energy Efficiency Label

Certain large domestic appliances are obliged to display this energy consumption label. The label provides information on how energy-efficient the device is in operation. Previously, the use of this label has been confined to white goods. As from the start of 2010, consumer electronics products will also display this notice specifying their power consumption characteristics.

EPG

Electronic program guide. Electronical TV-guide on the television screen which alleviates the programming of the recording as well. The informations are broadcasted via data channel with a satellite, via cable or via the analogue TV-channels.

EU Eco Label

The eco-flower, the coveted European eco-label, is recognized as an important seal of approval for the environmental performance of LCD TVs. Back in 2005, Sharp was the first company to be awarded this eco-label for its televisions. Since 1 November 2009, new stricter criteria apply to this European Union environment label. Sharp is again one of the first TV manufacturers to be awarded the eco-label immediately on entry into force of the new rules, for its current AQUOS LE700E and LE600E series.

FALSE CONTOUR

Typical image interference effect of plasma television sets. Colour gradients are not homogeneous but appear with unwanted colour contoures or gradings.

FILM-MODE

Playback mode on progressive displays for images which have been recorded by film camera.

FIREWIRE

Another name for the "i-link" interface. Please quod vide.

GIGABYTE

Unit for the amount of memory of DVD or harddisk recorders. Depending on the data compression level one gigabyte suffices for 30 minutes to 2 hours of filming.

H.265

Data compression mode for moving images related to the MPEG4 and particularly used for HDTV. It is also applied for the new DVB-S2 standard.

Harddisc-Recorder

Please quod vide for"harddisk recorder".

HARDDISK-RECORDER

short HDD for "hard disk drive"- a recorder, which records full video on the attached hard disk.

HD+

HD+ is a digital platform for high-definition pay TV. With the new “HD Plus” technology, television broadcasters are able to regulate or even fully prohibit the private recording of TV programmes. For example, in future, recordings can be limited by imposed time limits or can be restricted to a single device. Also, HD+ can be used to prevent users skipping the advertisements by fast forwarding.

HD-DVD

In addition to blu-ray a follow-up format for DVD.

HD-READY

The quality label HD-ready accounts that a display has all conditions of the HDTV-exposition (please quod vide page 11). Attention to phrases like ""HD-compatible"" or ""HDTV capable"": according promoted devices do mostly not achieve all requirements of

HDCP

High bandwidth digital content protection is a copy protection mode for HDTV which is supported by HDMI and several DVI input jacks.

HDD

Hard disk drive, popular shortcut for harddisk.

HDMI

High definition multimedia interface, a digital interface for picture and sound.

HDMI/HDCP

The "high definition multimedia interface" is a digital interface for image and sound. It will probably be the most important connection on a television set in the future. HDMI jacks notice and decode the high bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP),

HDTV

High definition television means TV-broadcasting with 1280 x 720 pixels as fullscreen (720p) or 1920 x 1080 pixels in the conventional field mode (1080i, please quod vide interlaced/progressive). The reception is possible via satellite (DVB-S) or cable

HDTV-COMPATIBLE

A marketing term but no quality label. It suggests the assumption that the specifications of the HD-ready logo are not achieved.

HDV (HD-CAMCORDER)

Camcorders of this standart (high definition digital video) conserve high definition recordings on approved mini DV cassettes. The HDV technique uses the compression mode MPEG-2 and records 1280 x 720 pixels (720p) or 1440 x 1080 pixels (1080i) with it.

HOSIDEN

Four-polar mini round jack which is used for s-video and Y/C signals.

I-LINK

Also called "firewire" or IEEE-1394. This interface for digital image and sound transmission is particularly found on mini-DV camcorders. i-link connections can also be used for ambient sound systems for digital sound transmission.

Inch

Above all asiatic manufacturers indicate screen diagonals gladly in the US-American unit inch. An inch corresponds 2.54 centimeters. The most important typical sizes of 16:9 - displays: 26 inch (66 cm), 32 inch (81 cm), 37 inch (94 cm), 42 inch (106 cm),

INTERLACED

Description for the line spacing mode.

INTERLACED/PROGRESSIVE

Previous tv-signals at first show all odd-numbered and then all even-numbered image lines. This trick by the name of "interlaced" approves more fluent action view but might also cause flickering. Therefore modern displays can display image lines consecuti

Ion density (high/ med/ low) icons/cm3

Ion count per cm3 blown into air at around the center of the room (at height of approx. 1,2 m from the floor) during operation at each airstream setting when the main unit is placed near the wall. The number of ions will vary according to the room conditions and operating mode.

iPod Docking Station

The smaller stereo systems allow for the connection of Apple iPods. These docking stations can play back films and music stored on the connected iPod.

JPEG

The committee "Joint Photographic Experts Group" has developed a particularly low-loss compression operation for freeze images. Most of the digital cameras store their pictures as JPEG format. Earlier there was a variant called "motion-JPEG" for moving im

Keystone correction

Not always a video projector can be placed centrally across from the canvas. If it will be placed angular from the side or rather from above or below this will effect a distorted image. It results the geometrical form of a trapezoid. Most of the beamers c

LCD

Liquid crystal displays are the most published variant of flat TV`s. If there is an electrical tension, the liquid crystals will let pass or lock the light of a backlight. Filters arrange colour.

LFE

Low frequency Effects. Synonym for the base channel of ambient sound. The so called 1 of 5.1

Life Time

Durability of LCD TV`s describe the action of consumption til the primary efficacy has been sunken to half of it`s power. Current plasma TVs achieve about 30.000 hours. With 60.000 hours LCD TVs can survive twice the time. Therefore both technologies offe

Linefeed

In English „Interlaced “. Please quod vide.

LNB

Low noise block converter. The properly receiving device of a satellite antenna. The parabolic reflector of the satellite dish reflects the received signals in the focus where the LNB is located. The LNB converts the frequency for the set-top-boxes. Digit

Local Dimming

Local dimming is a feature that can be used with full-LED backlights. With this technology, the LEDs behind the screen can be controlled individually or in segments. Depending on the picture information, the LEDs can be made brighter or darker in different parts of the screen. If the picture information is black, the LEDs can even be completely switched off. By this method, extremely high dynamic contrast of up to 2,000,000:1 can be attained. In addition, energy consumption is reduced.

LUMEN

Unit of the illumination for example for video projectors. Please quod vide ANSI (-Lumen).

LUX

Unit for the intensy of illumination. While lumen is detected by the light source, the lux values stand for the brightness of a light touched surface (for example a projection screen).

MBIT/S

Megabits per second. This unit stands for the speed of a data transfer. The DVD-standart for example dictates a reading rate of up to 9,8 Mbit/s. This value won`t increase when using blu-ray, but the new disc formats exercise more effective compression me

MEDIA CENTER

A PC, especially for the handling in a living room which also can be used as a DVD or harddisk video recorder as well as DVD and multimedia player. It often can access to the local computer in the workroom via a home network.

MEGAPIXEL

Millions of pixels. This unit is particularly usual for the resolution of digital cameras which nowadays normally amount 5 to 8 megapixel. (5 megapixel are 2560 x 1920 pixel). A PAL signal (768 x 576) suits 0,3 megapixel, a 1080i HDTV signal (1920 x 1080)

Mother Glass

LCD panels for televisions are manufactured from “mother glasses”. The new Sharp factory in Sakai (Japan) produces “10th generation” mother glasses. These mother glasses measure 2.88 m x 3.13 m and are therefore 60% bigger than their predecessors of the 8th generation. So, for example, from one latest generation mother glass, Sharp can produce six 60‑inch or eight 50-inch LCD panels, or can even make 82-inch and 108-inch panels.

Motion Blur

For progressive representation „line interlacing “- pictures will be converted into frames. When fast movements are displayed blurring can disturb.

MP3

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, or “MP3” is a special file format for saving and reproducing heavily compressed audio signals.

MPEG-1, -2, -5

The committee of engineers Moving Picture Experts Group has developed methods which strongly compress the digital image and sound signals and therefore store or transfer more effective.MPEG-1 is already out of date. MPEG-2 is used for DVD and digital TV,

Neodymium Loudspeakers

Neodymium is a magnetic material that is used for the construction of particularly lightweight (neodymium) loudspeakers that deliver a high-power sound.

NOTEBOOK

Even portable pcs can attend as reproducer for the playback of DVDs, digital pictures or video files in the MPEG format. The connection to the tv set usually takes place via VGA jack and sometimes via DVI too.

NTSC

The "National TV Standards Committee" defined in 1953 in the USA the colour TV standard. The process differs in some details to the European PAL system: A NTSC fullscreen consists of 480 visible and 525 lines overall. There are displayed 60 fields per sec

OLED

Organic light emitting diodes. Technology of flatscreen displays planned for the future which works with organic self-luminous polymers. Displays shall achieve higher efficacy with lower energy consumption than todays LCD or plasma screens.

Optical Picture Control (OPC)

OPC uses a light sensor built into the frame of the TV set to adjust the LCD TV backlight automatically in response to the ambient light. This LCD TV feature therefore makes a significant contribution to saving energy.

PAL

Phase alternating line. Common colour tv system in Germany and other European countries since 1963. It uses 576 visable picture lines,with the for the adminestral signals used lines there exists a fullscreen out of 625 lines. There are displayed 50 fiel

PAL OPTIMAL

Sharp offers LCD tv sets with a resolution of 960 x 540 pixels under that brand. They show all 576 picture lines of the PAL signal without scaling. Therefore some of the lines dissapear in the so called ""overscan range"". HDTV signals can display the PAL

PANEL

Term for the inner life of a flatscreen display (one speaks of LCD or plasma panels) and accordingly for the LCD element in a LCD projector.

PAP

Shortcut for the "picture and picture" function with which one can see 2 signal sources in parallel on one screen at the same time.For that reason both video frames will be scaled down.

PC

A "personal computer" can attend as reproducer for the playback of DVDs, digital pictures or video files in the MPEG format. The connection to the tv set takes place via VGA or DVI and in the future with HDMI.

PIP

Shortcut for the "picture in picture" function with which the picture signal of a second video source (for instance of a second tuner or reproducer) will be faded in downsized in the main screen.

PLASMA

Technique for hughe flatscreen displays. There is a cabin filled with noble gas (neon or xenon) for eachpixel. If there is pending a voltage on the electrodes of a cabin it moves the gas into a plasma condition whereon it sends ultraviolet light forth. Th

PROGRESSIVE

Linear scanning or rather image presentation in unlike line spacing or rather "interlaced".

PROJEKTOR

Payable beamers mostly work on the basis of the LCD or the DLP principle. In LCD projectors there is a liquid crystal panel built in the light path which locks or lets pass the light per pixel. DLP beamer (digital light processing) have a chip on the micr

Quick Shoot

Natural and clear images even during quick movements will be achieved by the quick-shot technology. It upgrades the reaction rate of the LCD panel when moving and produces a better reproduction. Thereby a clear and natural playback even of pictures contai

Reaction time

The reaction rate (also named response time) stands for the time a pixel needs to change its condition. The time is measured in milliseconds.

REFLEXION

Reflection. In highly reflecting glas surfaces lamps, windows or other light sources in a room may reflect and caused by that disturb the picture effect. Modern flatscreen TVs therefore use special coated glasses which can reduce such reflections.

Resolution

The usual PAL TV system up to now divides TV-pictures into 576 lines with typical 768 pixels. For the display formats of modern televisions which become bigger and bigger this picture resolution is too rough. Highly solvent television (HDTV) works therefo

RGB

Red, green and blue. All TV pictures are built on these elementary colours. LCD televisions and projectors work with corresponding colour filters, plasma devices have poshphor cabins or rather points for these colours. Out of them there are composed other

RGB plus II

Background lighting with 5 instead of 3 colours. There are added two additional tones to the elementary colours red, green and blue. Therefore colours can be reproduced more natural.

RGBY

RGBY describes a technology used in new AQUOS LCD TVs, whereby the three primary colours red, green and blue (RGB) are extended by the addition of yellow (Y). With this expansion, even more intensive rendering of surface colours will be possible in future. Colour intensity is enhanced, and energy is also saved through efficient use of the backlight.

RS-232C

Interface for the control of the LCD TV by a pc.

S-VIDEO

With the at that time established upgraded vide tape format S-VHS (super-VHS) signal standard which was able to offer higher picture quality as FBAS. Also called Y/C (please quod vide)

Sakai

Sharp’s “Green Factory” in Sakai, near Osaka in Japan. This factory is the first and most modern 10th generation LCD production plant in the world and covers an area of 1.27 million square metres. In addition to the LCD factory, from March 2010 Sakai will also house Sharp’s own factory for thin-film solar modules, together with suppliers for the entire chain of production processes. In October 2009, Sharp started production of large LCD TVs in Sakai, with diagonals of up to 108 inches.

Scale

Since HDTV capable flatscreen TVs show more pixel as the conventional PAL signal contains the pixels of TV broadcasts and DVD movies have to be grossed up and scaled. Backwards a plasma or a LC display with 1366 x 768 pixel has to break down a 1080i signa

SCART

The scart or euro AV jack was the standard interface for external reproducers on the tv set for decades. It accepts depending on wiring FBAS, Y/C or RGB signals, component signals are also possible. However the traditional jack is normally useless For HDT

scrambling

Pay TV programs as well as some free cable tv offers will be broadcasted encoded. A chipcard (smartcard) identifies legal users and allows the receiver the decoding. If the necessary function of the decoder is not attached it will be exchangeable via a co

screen-size

For the indication of the size of displays it is usual to call the diagonal - means the distance of the left lower corner to the right upper corner - in inch or centimeter.

SED

Surface-conduction electron-emitter display. This for the future planned type of display by Toshiba and Canon works like a plasma television with phosphor pixels. To activate their glow, there has been attached an electrode cannon for each picture element

Signal Processing

Delivered video signals of external reproducers Delivered video signals of external reproducers have to be edited by the electronic system of the tv set or video projectors for the particular exposition technology. Responsibilities of the signal processin

Soundbar

Separate loudspeaker system for TVs. Unlike 2.1 or 5.1 loudspeaker systems, Soundbars integrate all audio systems in one unit, so that they can provide virtual surround-sound from a single device. Most systems use the Dolby Digital audio format and have an additional wireless subwoofer.

Subwoofer

Special loudspeaker for reproducing low-frequency “bass” sound waves. In general, subwoofers are part of a multi-component sound system.

SURROUND

Term for ambient sound. Regularly stands for multi channel systems with their rearwarding effect speakers.

truD-HD

Hi tech chip for the picture improvement of HDTV signals which reduces flickering and picture noises.

USB

USB stands for “Universal Serial Bus” and is a system for transferring data. A USB port on an LCD TV or computer connects the TV or computer to external devices. Storage media equipped with USB can therefore be interconnected while in operation. The connected devices and their characteristics are automatically recognized.

UV²A Technology

With UV2A Photo Alignment Technology, liquid crystals contained in modern LCD panels can be aligned extremely precisely with the aid of UV light. The results are high static contrast of 5000:1 and an increase of more than 20% in aperture ratio. UV2A technology gives the new Sharp LCD TVs superb picture quality combined with outstanding environmental characteristics.

VGA

„Video graphics array “. A usual interface for analogue video signals within the PC zone - thereby it essentially concerns RGB signals. Some displays and projectors have a VGA interface, in order to be able to indicate picture signals of computers.

VIDEO ON DEMAND

Literally „television on demand “. Orderable films are meant against payment. There are appropriate offers from Pay TV offerers as well as Internet Providern. Video on and from the Internet requires however a fast on-line entrance by DSL or Internet by br

VIDEO-/FILM-MODE

Signals recorded with TV or video cameras use the interlaced scanning (quod vide interlaced) and contain fields. Motion picture films recorded by movie cameras consist of frames. For progressive representation the player or the display have to convert the

View angle

First of all in the case of LCD televisions it can occur that the picture when watching lateraly (means if spectators does not sit accurately in front of the display) strongly loses contrast. But modern LCDs permit a very high viewing angle. Up to 176° hi

VIRTUAL DOLBY SURROUND

Ambient sound system, which works with simulated multi-channel clay/tone. TV-devices with Virtual Surround playback the ambient sound with their stereo speakers. The space and quality of sound are however not as good as when using genuine ambient sound sy

WMV

„Windows Media Video “. Data format for compressed video data, developed by Microsoft. So called "WMV-HD"-DVDs are offered on the market, which store movies in HDTV resolution on a commercial DVD. Such disks however can be played only at the PC or on spec

Y/C

Other name for „the S-video “signal, with which two separate lines, the information for brightness (Y) and colour (C) will be transferred. Y/C signals are typically passed on over "Hosiden-jacks".

YUV-socket

So called component connections transfer a video signal via three lines. Thereby the brightness (Y) and two so called colour difference signals (U and V) will be transferred. YUV is the similar video signal with the best quality, which even permits some m